The Opium War: Drugs, Dreams and the Making of China by Julia Lovell

Author:Julia Lovell [Lovell, Julia]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, Asia, General
ISBN: 9781447204107
Google: tq1viJQK1AsC
Publisher: Pan MacMillan
Published: 2011-09-02T00:00:00+00:00

Chapter Fourteen

THE TREATY OF NANJING

In April 1842, a seventy-one-year-old Manchu called Yilibu received some terrible news. His distant relative, the emperor, had revoked his sentence of banishment to the Great Wall fortress town of Zhangjiakou and decided to post him to beautiful Zhejiang. In the normal run of things, such a change of fortune – a transfer from the bleak Sino-Mongolian frontier to the balmy south-east – would have been cause for rejoicing. Not in 1842, though. Yilibu was old and ill, weakened by his military exile in the north. He had already suffered enough for this war: in the summer of 1841, he had spent two painful months on trial in Beijing, for his handling of the British occupation of Zhoushan through the winter of 1840.

On 3 April, he was summoned to the Yuanmingyuan (the Summer Palace) for an audience with the emperor. This was an opportunity for the emperor to interrogate in person someone with first-hand experience of the British about their motives, their ambitions, their strengths and weaknesses. (Every other minister who had served in the war had either not been allowed to return to Beijing, or had done so in disgrace.) Two and a half years after this war was supposed to have started, Daoguang found himself still lacking the most basic information about his antagonists: where in fact, he wondered in a communication of May 1842, is England? Why are the English selling us opium? What are the Indians doing in their army? How is it they have a twenty-two-year-old woman for a queen? Is she married? Has Elliot really gone home?1 Yilibu was ready for Daoguang’s questions: he planned, he told one of his aides that day, to make a detailed report about what he knew of handling the British. But as soon as Yilibu had announced his arrival, for unexplained reasons Daoguang changed his mind – he would not see his elderly kinsman after all. Yilibu was allowed to kowtow to the gate of the Second Palace, then on 15 April permitted to leave for Zhejiang through the Gate of Upright Openness, in the southern stretch of the city wall.

Daoguang had wasted his best chance to hear a frank account of the British and the war. From here on, it would be business as usual, with his ‘slaves’ obfuscating and lying as hard as they could, at a safe remove from their sovereign, to bring this border disturbance to an end.

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